星期四下午韦慷复诊，医生又再次给他做动作的评估，医生说又下波了，再次要求韦慷复用类固醇Prednisolone，还要韦慷去做眼睛检查。现在还没给他服药，等下星期检查眼睛过后才给他服用。心情非常的担心如果他服用这要过后要承担种种的负作用。
For the Consumer
Applies to prednisolone: oral liquid, oral solution, oral suspension, oral syrup, oral tablet, oral tablet disintegrating
Along with its needed effects, prednisolone may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking prednisolone:
More common
- Aggression
- agitation
- anxiety
- blurred vision
- decrease in the amount of urine
- dizziness
- fast, slow, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse
- headache
- irritability
- mental depression
- mood changes
- nervousness
- noisy, rattling breathing
- numbness or tingling in the arms or legs
- pounding in the ears
- shortness of breath
- swelling of the fingers, hands, feet, or lower legs
- trouble thinking, speaking, or walking
- troubled breathing at rest
- weight gain
Incidence not known
- Abdominal cramping and/or burning (severe)
- abdominal pain
- backache
- bloody, black, or tarry stools
- cough or hoarseness
- darkening of skin
- decrease in height
- decreased vision
- diarrhea
- dry mouth
- eye pain
- eye tearing
- facial hair growth in females
- fainting
- fatigue
- fever or chills
- flushed, dry skin
- fractures
- fruit-like breath odor
- full or round face, neck, or trunk
- heartburn and/or indigestion (severe and continuous)
- increased hunger
- increased thirst
- increased urination
- loss of appetite
- loss of sexual desire or ability
- lower back or side pain
- menstrual irregularities
- muscle pain or tenderness
- muscle wasting or weakness
- nausea
- pain in back, ribs, arms, or legs
- painful or difficult urination
- skin rash
- sleeplessness
- sweating
- trouble healing
- trouble sleeping
- unexplained weight loss
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- vision changes
- vomiting
- vomiting of material that looks like coffee grounds
Some side effects of prednisolone may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
More common
- Increased appetite
Incidence not known
- Abnormal fat deposits on the face, neck, and trunk
- acne
- dry scalp
- lightening of normal skin color
- red face
- reddish purple lines on the arms, face, legs, trunk, or groin
- swelling of the stomach area
- thinning of the scalp hair
For Healthcare Professionals
Applies to prednisolone: compounding powder, injectable solution, injectable suspension, oral liquid, oral suspension, oral syrup, oral tablet, oral tablet disintegrating
General
Patients treated with an average of 10 mg per day over several months have developed 50% fewer infections compared to those treated with an average of 20 mg per day. Significantly fewer episodes of aseptic necrosis and a trend toward fewer complications in general have been reported with lower dosages.
Side effects have occurred less frequently when minimum dosages were employed. Dosages greater than 10 mg per day have been associated with an increased incidence of adverse events.
The side effects of prednisolone may be subdivided into those associated with short-term therapy (to three weeks) and those of long-term therapy (> three weeks).
Short-term effects have included sodium retention-related weight gain and fluid accumulation, hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, hypokalemia, gastrointestinal upset and ulceration, reversible depression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and mood changes ranging from mild euphoria and insomnia to nervousness, restlessness, mania, catatonia, depression, delusions, hallucinations, and violent behavior.
Long-term effects have included HPA suppression, Cushingoid appearance, hirsutism or virilism, impotence, and menstrual irregularities, peptic ulcer disease, cataracts and increased intraocular pressure/glaucoma, myopathy, osteoporosis, and vertebral compression fractures.
The side effects of prednisolone may be subdivided into those associated with short-term therapy (to three weeks) and those of long-term therapy (> three weeks).
Short-term effects have included sodium retention-related weight gain and fluid accumulation, hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, hypokalemia, gastrointestinal upset and ulceration, reversible depression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and mood changes ranging from mild euphoria and insomnia to nervousness, restlessness, mania, catatonia, depression, delusions, hallucinations, and violent behavior.
Long-term effects have included HPA suppression, Cushingoid appearance, hirsutism or virilism, impotence, and menstrual irregularities, peptic ulcer disease, cataracts and increased intraocular pressure/glaucoma, myopathy, osteoporosis, and vertebral compression fractures.
Metabolic
Metabolic side effects of prednisolone have included hypernatremia, hypokalemia, fluid retention, negative nitrogen balance and increased blood urea nitrogen concentration. Glucocorticoids have been reported to decrease the secretion of thyrotropin (TSH).
Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular side effects have included hypertension and congestive heart failure due to long-term fluid retention and direct vascular effects.
Up to 12% of patients may develop systolic hypertension. Hypertension has been associated with long-term therapy with corticosteroids and is thought to be due to fluid retention. One author has associated these changes in blood pressure with advancing age.
Endocrine
Endocrine side effects have included glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Diabetes-like symptoms may develop in some individuals. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression may be prolonged to 12 months following long-term therapy with prednisolone. Cushingoid appearance has commonly occurred with chronic therapy. In addition, hirsutism or virilism, impotence, and menstrual irregularities may occur with chronic therapy.
Corticosteroid therapy may induce glucose intolerance by reducing the utilization of glucose in tissues and increasing hepatic glucose output. Patients on alternate day therapy may exhibit significantly higher serum glucose on the day prednisolone is taken. Diabetes mellitus requiring therapy with diet modifications and hypoglycemic agents has developed in some patients.
Adrenal suppression can persist up to twelve months after long-term corticosteroid therapy. Adrenal suppression may be reduced by giving corticosteroids once a day or once every other day. After corticosteroid therapy has been tapered, supplemental corticosteroid therapy during times of stress (illness, surgery, trauma) may be required.
Adrenal suppression can persist up to twelve months after long-term corticosteroid therapy. Adrenal suppression may be reduced by giving corticosteroids once a day or once every other day. After corticosteroid therapy has been tapered, supplemental corticosteroid therapy during times of stress (illness, surgery, trauma) may be required.
Gastrointestinal
Gastrointestinal side effects have included gastrointestinal upset, nausea, vomiting, and peptic ulcer disease. Pancreatitis as well as gastrointestinal perforation and hemorrhage have also been reported.
Gastrointestinal effects most commonly have included nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and anorexia. Peptic ulcer disease has been associated with long-term corticosteroid therapy, but is relatively uncommon. Routine prophylactic therapy is not warranted in all individuals. Aluminum/magnesium containing antacids may be used to manage GI complaints without significant drug interactions.
Immunologic
Immunologic side effects have included impairment of cell-mediated immunity which increases patient susceptibility to bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. In addition, the immune response to skin tests may be suppressed.
Musculoskeletal
Musculoskeletal side effects have included myopathy, osteoporosis, vertebral compression fractures, and aseptic necrosis of bone. Aseptic necrosis has been reported to most often affect the femoral head.
Corticosteroid myopathy presents as weakness and wasting of the proximal limb and girdle muscles and is generally reversible following cessation of therapy.
Corticosteroids inhibit intestinal calcium absorption and increase urinary calcium excretion leading to bone resorption and bone loss. Bone loss of 3% over one year has been demonstrated with prednisolone 10 mg per day. Postmenopausal females are particularly at risk for loss of bone density. Sixteen percent of elderly patients treated with corticosteroids for 5 years may experience vertebral compression fractures. One author reported measurable bone loss over two years in women on concomitant therapy with prednisolone 7.5 mg per day and tamoxifen.
Corticosteroids inhibit intestinal calcium absorption and increase urinary calcium excretion leading to bone resorption and bone loss. Bone loss of 3% over one year has been demonstrated with prednisolone 10 mg per day. Postmenopausal females are particularly at risk for loss of bone density. Sixteen percent of elderly patients treated with corticosteroids for 5 years may experience vertebral compression fractures. One author reported measurable bone loss over two years in women on concomitant therapy with prednisolone 7.5 mg per day and tamoxifen.
Ocular
In renal transplant patients maintained on prednisolone 10 mg per day, 33% developed posterior subcapsular cataracts. Mean time to cataract development is 26 months. Increased intraocular pressure has occurred in 5% of patients.
Ocular side effects have included increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma, and posterior subcapsular cataracts.
Other
Pseudorheumatism, or glucocorticoid-withdrawal syndrome, has occurred upon withdrawal of corticosteroids but was not related to adrenal insufficiency. Patients experienced anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, headache, fever, arthralgias, myalgias and postural hypotension. Symptoms resolved when corticosteroid therapy was reinstated.
Other side effects have included a glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome, which resulted from abrupt discontinuation of prednisolone therapy and may not have been associated with adrenal suppression.
Psychiatric
Psychiatric side effects have included psychoses, behavioral changes, and pseudotumor cerebri.
Hematologic
Hematologic side effects have included thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and platelet alterations resulting in thrombolic events.
Dermatologic
Dermatologic side effects have included bruising, ecchymosis, petechiae striae, delayed wound healing, and acne.
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